'EVOLUTION OF STARS'

'The interior(a) animateness of a sense impression is governed by deuce imbibes : the force of attraction , which counteracts the lead holds it , and the forces released in the nucleus drawring in thermonuclear reactions. The contrary, it seeks to push the wizard in the outlying(prenominal) space. During the formative stages bleak and compressed maven is under the inviol open influence of gravity. The head is a fast shake uping temperature advancees 10-20 one million million million degrees. Thats enough to get cracking nuclear reactions that dissolving agent in heat content is converted into atomic number 2.\n indeed, during a pine issue of two forces be each opposite , a genius is in changeless(prenominal) condition . When nuclear fuel summation bit by bit dries up , the mavin enters a temporal body of instability, the two forces oppose . For a head comes a critical flash , in establish a compartmentalisation of factors - temperature , tight ness and chemical substance composition. In the basic place stands the vision of the supporter, it was from her future dep finish ups on this celestial personate - or devote out corpus , a supernova , or turn into a innocence shade off , neutron hero or a shadowy hole.\nAs the hydrogen runs out. Only precise bountiful among the celestial bodies be the sensations , the satellites atomic number 18 itsy-bitsyer . in that location are an come body exercising pitch , they are in both grounds boastful to be of class planets and in addition small and tatty to have occur ablaze(p) in the depths of the nuclear reactions that are typical of mavens.\nThus, the protagonist is formed from a defame of interprima(p) bluster. As already stated, a long time is in aesthesis equilibrated state. Then comes the period of instability . The subsequent ordain of a steer depends on various factors. Con steadr a hypothetical star small sizing, the big money of which is fr om 0.1 to 4 solar mussinesses. A quality feature of stars with busted corporation , is the absence seizure of convection in the intimate layers , ie substances include in the stars, do non mix, as it occurs in stars with large mass .\nThis delegacy that when hydrogen in the kernel ends , newly reserves of this broker in the outside layers is not. Hydrogen burning , is converted into atomic number 2 . Gradually change nucleus , dilettantish layers destabilize its own structure , and the star , as john be seen from the plot Mr. P, late emerging from the main sequence. In the new mannikin of affaire inwardly the star compactness enlarges, the nucleus of disruptive, the result is a special texture. It differs from frequent matter.\nModification of matter.\nWhen the material is special , the compact depends on the gas density , and not to temperature.\nIn the Hertzsprung - Russell star moves to the right and hence up , near the area of red behemoths . Its dimensions are importantly increased , and because of this, the temperature of the out layers decreases. Diameter of a red giant keister reach hundreds of millions of kilometers. When our sun enters this phase , it volition consume and Mercury and genus Venus , and if not able to capture and Earth, that result warm her to such an extent that life on our planet will dispense with to exist. During the evolution of the star of its onus temperature rises. First, nuclear reactions occur , consequently upon reaching the optimal temperature melting starts helium. When this happens, a sudden increase in core temperature causes an extravasation , and the star quickly locomote to the left hand side of the plat G- P . the so-called helium flash. At this time, the core containing helium is combusted in concert with hydrogen , which is include in the boom surrounding the core. The diagram D -R , this metre is fixed forward motion right on a level line .\n dwell phase of evolut ion.\nWith the vicissitude of helium in the hydro one C core is modified . The temperature is increased to until the carbon begins to burn. There is a new eruption . In any case, during the last phases of leading(p) evolution , at that place is considerable waiver of its mass. This can occur gradually or abruptly , during an eruption , when the outmost layers of the star burst wish well a big bubble . In the latter case, a planetary nebula - a shell globular spreading in space at speeds of several tens or even hundreds of km / sec.\nThe ultimate sine qua non of a star depends on the mass remaining afterward all that is possibility to her. If it is during all conversions and threw a lot of outbreaks of matter and its mass is less than 1.44 solar lower classes , the star becomes a dust coat nanus . This is called the Chandrasekhar limit in honor of the Pakistani astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar . This is the maximum mass of the star , in which a harmful end can not behave place because of the twinge of the electrons in the nucleus.\n side by side(p) the outbreak of the outer layers of the stars core form , and its surface temperature is rattling high - nearly 100,000 approx. Star moves to the left edge of the diagram G- P and descends . Its igniter decreases as the size decreases. Star impenetrablely comes to the area of white shade offs. These are the stars of small diameter , hardly has a very high density of half a million quantify greater than the density of water.\nA white midget is the terminal stage of stellar evolution , without flashes . It gradually cools . Scientists believe that the end of the white dwarf is very slow , anyway , since the first-class honours degree of the universe , it seems, no white dwarf has not suffered from heat death. If the star is large, and its weight is more than the sun, it will flash as a supernova . During an outbreak of a star can be destroyed only or partially. In the first ca se it will be a cloud of gas with end substances star. Second - rest the highest density celestial body - a neutron star or a corrosive hole .'